The Potential for the Application of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Forensic Science

The potential for the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in forensic science is reviewed, taking as a starting point a series of examples and case histories this review speculates on other areas where XPS may be able to make a contribution. The topics that are considered include chemical speciation of fingerprints, thin layers deposited on substrates as a result of explosions and/or fire, particulate materials and cosmetics and finally sequestration of marker elements and molecules on surfaces. It is concluded that XPS has much to offer the forensic science community but investigations may be hampered by the need to compare crimes scene specimens with known standards. Until this issue is addressed it is likely that XPS will continue to be used on an ad hoc basis for particularly challenging specimens in high profile cases.